Res Ipsa Loquitur in New Jersey: The Thing Speaks for Itself

Related Attorney: Timothy E. Dinan

December 7, 2023Res Ipsa Loquitur in New Jersey: The Thing Speaks for Itself

Lawyers tend to use a lot of Latin phrases to describe simple concepts. One of those legal concepts is res ipsa loquitur, which might sound complex, but has a straightforward meaning.

Typically, it is the burden of the party bringing the lawsuit to prove that another party was negligent. However, that’s not always the case, especially when by the very nature of the accident, it wouldn’t happen without negligence. That’s where the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur comes into play. Res ipsa loquitur translates to "the thing speaks for itself." It is used when an accident occurs, and the circumstances surrounding it strongly suggest negligence, even without direct evidence of who was at fault.

Key Points:

1. The Three Requirements:

To successfully apply the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur in New Jersey, three elements must be met:

  • The accident is of a type that wouldn't typically occur without negligence.
  • The defendant has exclusive control over the instrument or situation that caused the accident.
  • The plaintiff (injured party) didn't contribute to the accident through their actions.

2. Presumption of Negligence:

When these conditions are satisfied, the law presumes that the defendant was negligent. This shifts the burden of proof from the plaintiff to the defendant. It's then up to the defendant to prove that it wasn’t negligent.

3. Common Scenarios:

Res ipsa loquitur often applies in cases involving medical malpractice, product liability, or accidents on a commercial property where the cause of the accident is unclear but likely related to the property owner's negligence, such as an elevator malfunction.

4. Not a Guarantee:

It's important to note that the doctrine doesn't guarantee a win for the plaintiff. It merely helps establish a presumption of negligence, which the defendant can challenge with evidence to the contrary.

In summary, res ipsa loquitur in New Jersey simplifies the process of proving negligence in certain cases where the circumstances strongly suggest it. Understanding this doctrine can be valuable when navigating legal matters where negligence is at question.

Questions? Contact Tim Dinan at tdinan@lcrlaw.com, or (973) 729-1880.

See our previous blog post
here.